![]() In iritis and traumatic perforating ocular injuries, the intraocular pressure is usually low. It is usually only elevated by iridocyclitis or acute-closure glaucoma, but not by relatively benign conditions. Intraocular pressure should be measured as part of a routine eye examination. In the presence of a "red eye", a shallow anterior chamber may indicate acute glaucoma, which requires immediate attention. Shallow anterior chamber depth may indicate a predisposition to one form of glaucoma (narrow angle) but requires slit-lamp examination or other special techniques to determine it. With acute angle-closure glaucoma, the pupil is generally fixed in mid-position, oval, and responds sluggishly to light, if at all. Generally, conjunctivitis does not affect the pupils. In an eye with iridocyclitis, (inflammation of both the iris and ciliary body), the involved pupil will be smaller than the uninvolved, due to reflex muscle spasm of the iris sphincter muscle. These types of disruptions may be due to corneal inflammations or physical trauma to the cornea, such as a foreign body. Opacities may be keratic, that is, due to the deposition of inflammatory cells, hazy, usually from corneal edema, or they may be localized in the case of corneal ulcer or keratitis.Ĭorneal epithelial disruptions may be detected with fluorescein staining of the eye, and careful observation with cobalt- blue light.Ĭorneal epithelial disruptions would stain green, which represents some injury of the corneal epithelium. Whichever, it is always potentially serious and sometimes necessitates urgent treatment and corneal opacities are the fourth leading cause of blindness. Much more commonly, misuse of contact lenses may be a precipitating factor. In some, there is a family history of corneal growth disorders which may be progressive with age. In rare instances, this opacity is congenital. Because of injury, infection or inflammation, an area of opacity may develop which can be seen with a penlight or slit lamp. The cornea is required to be transparent to transmit light to the retina. ![]() Reduced visual acuity Ī reduction in visual acuity in a 'red eye' is indicative of serious ocular disease, such as keratitis, iridocyclitis, and glaucoma, and never occurs in simple conjunctivitis without accompanying corneal involvement.Ĭiliary flush is usually present in eyes with corneal inflammation, iridocyclitis or acute glaucoma, though not simple conjunctivitis.Ī ciliary flush is a ring of red or violet spreading out from around the cornea of the eye. The most useful is a smaller pupil in the red eye than the non-red eye (opposite eye) and sensitivity to bright light. Pupil abormalities including abormal pupil size.Corneal abnormalities including edema or opacities ("corneal haze").Ciliary flush (circumcorneal injection).Particular signs and symptoms may indicate that the cause is serious and requires immediate attention. Slit lamp examination is invaluable in diagnosis but initial assessment can be performed using a careful history, testing vision ( visual acuity), and carrying out a penlight examination.ĭiagnosis Hyphaema – showing blood filling the anterior chamber, causing a horizontal fluid level Management includes assessing whether emergency action (including referral) is needed, or whether treatment can be accomplished without additional resources. Conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage are two of the less serious but more common causes. It is usually injection and prominence of the superficial blood vessels of the conjunctiva, which may be caused by disorders of these or adjacent structures. Subconjunctival hemorrhage causing red coloration as result of ruptured blood vessel in the eyeĪ red eye is an eye that appears red due to illness or injury.
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